Lingoda Group Class Notes 18
Topic: Reviewing reported speech Relatedskill: Grammar
Date: 14 June 2024 Teacher: Sheryl(UK)
What I've learned
Idioms
thrilled to bits - Meaning: very happy - Example: I was thrilled to bits with that product. It's great!
Vocabularies & Phrases
| V&P | Definiation | Note |
|---|---|---|
| remedy | n. 解决方法，纠正方法; v. 纠正 | The remedy lies in the hands of the government. |
| sceptical | adj. 持怀疑态度的 | I had read some negative reviews about the film, so I was a bit sceptical about how much I would enjoy it. |
| claim | v. 声称，断言 | Many companies claim to offer great customer service, but not many actually do! |
| revitalise | v. 使更强壮；使恢复生机 | This cream revitalised my skin, leaving it looking firmer and softer than ever! |
| exceptional | adj. 杰出的；优秀的 | Their delivery service was exceptional - I got my package within 24 hours! |
| collagen | n. 胶原蛋白 | |
| wrinkle | n. 皱纹 | |
| plastic surgery | n. 整形外科 | |
| bribery | n. 贿赂；受贿 |
Grammar
Reporting speech
We use reported speech to say what somebody else said or thought.
Direct speech: "This all-natural remedy will leaveyou feeling revitalised in minutes." Reported speech:The advert said that this all-natural remedy would leave me feelingrevitalised in minutes.
So how do we transform direct speech into reported speech?
- We introduce reported speech using a reporting verblike to say, to promise, toclaim. It is usually in the past simple:The advert said...
- We add that after the reporting verb: Theadvert said that this...
- We put the verbs in the sentence back one tense:e.g. will leave -> wouldleave.
- We change any pronouns (I, you, he etc)and possessives (my, your, her etc.) toreflect who is speaking: will leave youfeeling... -> would leave mefeeling....
We can also leave that out from the sentence. It is optional!
Reporting requests
When we report a request, we say what someone else asked or told us to do.
Direct request: "Order your free sample now!"Reported request: The advert said to order my freesample now.
- To report a request, we introduce it with a reporting verb(said).
- We also change any pronouns(代名词) and possessives(所有格)(your to my) to reflect who isspeaking.
- However, the verb in the request does not go in thepast. It becomes an infinitive(不定式): order(imperative) becomes to order (infinitive).
- All verbs in requests become infinitives. We also remove any modalverbs in the original request.
| Direct request | Reported request |
|---|---|
| "Give me your reference number, please." | He said to give him my reference number. |
| "Can you give me your reference number?" | He asked me to give him my reference number. |
Using said, asked, and told
Most requests can be reported with said. Asked is used for polite requests and told for orders.
The call operator asked me to give him my referencenumber. The policeman told me to give him myidentification.
Note that said is never used with an object orobject pronouns (me, you, him/her/it, us, them), whileasked and told are always used with one.
✘ He said me to come in. ✓ He saidto come in.
✘ He told to come in. ✓ He told meto come in.
Review
4/5
Same teacher possibility: 80%
Today was a grammar class, and I had to say that the teacher Sheryl, is the best grammar teacher at Lingoda. She taught in a clear and detailed way. When we didn't know the meaning of a word, she could always explain it in an easy-to-understand manner.
Her teaching style reminded me of my English teacher in school, because unlike other Lingoda teachers who always let students answer the questions one by one. Sheryl's class didn't have a set order. However, she didn't miss anyone. If some students didn't answer the questions, she would call on them by name.